Promise Versus Reality in
Human Settlement of Space
I still have access to a huge
network of technical, economic and human information
regarding space. As of the
end of 2016, the information coming back points to a high probability of
a near-term disaster in that
sector, where Trump may promise and sincerely try to rise to the level of John
Kennedy... but then end up with a fate similar to Richard Nixon – who also had
the great thrill of being elected and reelected before reality caught up with him.
My motive in writing this up is a wild
hope that someone might be able to prevent disaster in time for the State of
the Union speech, or at least in time for when decisions become irrevocable.
Small hope? Better than nothing, but Nothing may yet come...
--------------------------------------------
I wish I could explain this
in a quick twitter burst. I have tried, and failed, as I will describe later.
A basic problem: even when your car is urgently about to
explode, a quick thrust of the sledge hammer won’t make things better. Here is
a RELATIVELY simple picture, unfortunately the minimum needed to avoid disaster...
to keep this car from exploding... I will add more detail later... even a bit
on methods and sources..
1. Disaster before Trump:
Much of America’s erosion as
a real great power has been due to what Trump has called “the swamp,” a system
of corruption quite similar to what Ayn Rand depicted in describing Taggart’s
DC operation in Atlas Shrugged.
(No, I do not believe everything
in that book, and I do not believe everything in the Bible. One would have to
be a total fuzzhead or schizo to believe everything in both of THOSE books! But
they both have moments of intense clarity and realism. I can’t say that the
Catholic Church was totally irrational when it banned public access to the Bible
a few centuries ago, or that rulers of Morocco were wrong in saying that
certain parts of the Koran should not be discussed with children in general.)
When I was in Senator Specter’s office, as the person assigned to handle space
policy in 2009, I saw first hand how the swamp creatures’ operation worked to
prevent any new wave of US progress in space, getting rid of efforts to develop
new high technology to max out our capabilities in space launch in order to reduce risk, in order to get rid
of the painful uncertainties and anxieties for investors which had occurred
when there was real competition, and in order to shift jobs to areas of low
skill and low understanding of advanced technology; Shelby and Lamar Smith are
current centers of the swamp creature movement, in effect, to drown out hopes
of humans in the galaxy.
2. What COULD be done:
Concretely, when I was at
NSF, for a few years they let me fund the most advanced serious concepts of
hypersonic flight to orbit, and to exploit the full peer review capabilities of
NSF, interagency cooperation and workshops to probe what is actually possible. I learned that “off the shelf” (high technology
readiness) technology would allow us to reduce costs to earth orbit by a factor
of 10 or 100, beyond anything now in sight realistically from “old space” (Lockheed
and Boeing and such) or from new space (like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, XCOR,
Blue Origin and many others). World class industrial cost estimators agreed
with the realism of a $12 billion total 5-year price tag to get to flying
prototypes (already enough to
dramatically increase our
space launch capability!) and, more
important, an upgrade of Boeing’s Seattle plant to be able to pump out low-cost
spaceplanes as well as they pump out Dreamliners. (It is so hard for me NOT to
say anything about important and exciting technical details, right now... but
essential as they are they don’t go in the summary section.)
I posted a few more details,
as of 2008, in the space part of www.werbos.com,
but need to update that part...
At one point, I asked the guy
running the national security work at the Marshall Institute: “What happens,
strategically, when one nation can orbit ten to a hundred times as much into
orbit, for ANY purpose? Who really owns the highground of space at that point?
Do we really want to relinquish the US fate?” Before that, I had a long
friendly meeting with the Major General who ran the National Security Space
Office, who gave direct orders in my sight “to get this started yesterday.” But
two weeks later, the dinosaurs ate him.
3. Where we are now:
In DC, the term “stakeholder
process” has become a euphemism for corruption and corporate welfare, the
general system
which Trump has called “the
swamp.” For many people embedded in that particular corporate culture... if you
can’t turn all decisions over to a coalition of Lockheed and Boeing lobbyists,
you need to find another hero in the same kind of PR business. And so, the
exciting effort to get out of the swamp and make America great again in the
space launch business has been shanghaied by another corporate welfare
movement, this being the one to pick SpaceX as a kind of new virtual monopoly.
Lots of good intentions, moving towards a disaster. Ironically, I myself did my
best (which was relatively effective) to get SpaceX more visibility on Capitol
Hill when I worked for Senator Specter, and I really do not want to use harsh
language here. But objective reality... nature.. Murphy’s Law can be quite
unforgiving, even for the nicest of people with the best of intentions. The
current stated Trump space policy is to cut back on stuff like the great space
dinosaur called SLS (great!), to rely more heavily across the board in civilian
and military space on strong competition for launch services (also great, part
of what SpaceX has asked for), and to rely on the private sector for new
development of launch technology (OOPS!!).
That new launch technology, well beyond the capabilities now present OR
IN SIGHT of the New Space companies, is what offers the 10 to 100 times
improvement in launch capability. By analogy... if our lives depended on Elon
Musk developing a new unified field theory on his own, without effective strategic help...
well, some of us would be reviewing what we do or do not know about afterlife.
That’s where I am right now, at the end of the day (and perhaps of the human
species beyond earth).
Still, there is some hope
that the EU, India or Russia might fill in, and occupy the high ground. (China’s
space programs look as mired as ours.) Wouldn’t that be an interesting end to
Trump’s six to eight years, an image of the US as a little old bug overshadowed
by a Russian mother ship? Or even a simple coup d’etat as the generals who have
the intelligence data decide they just won’t put up with it (egged on by a
variety of folks emotional about Russia, some who support democracy less than
Netanyahu supports the two-state solution)? This is a serious crossroads folks,
and I’m not the only one worried.
4. What Could Be Done
Many people resist rational
policies because rationality is not exciting to them. But that is the only
possible way forward. It can be packaged to be exciting (even scary) at times,
but if we fall into “let’s play dress up and pretend Elon Musk is Iron Man or
Andrew Carnegie” we lose what hope is left.
At a technical level, when I
was in a few inner circle meetings at the international Hypersonics conferences
of the AIAA (lead society for real aerospace technology, though IEEE is also
big there) ... my entree was control technology and systems technology. But
anyone really good in systems engineering knows the importance of fighting the
perpetual pitfalls of tribalism, and of working hard to protect and defend
other pieces of the puzzle, other specialities which complement one’s own. I
have learned that the number one urgent need, to get to orbit at low cost with
rockets or airbreathers or more advanced technology from Russia, is now to
restore, upgrade, digitize and harden Boeing’s technology for “hot structures.”
Wow is that hard for your garden
variety ersatz rocket scientist to understand! Let alone the PR people who
really hate being reminded that the used cars they are selling would all lose
their tires after just a few trips!
How could nature possibly be
so cruel to cancel all the value of huge investments just on the basis of
something so mild and petty as the skin of spacecraft melting away as it enters
or leaves the atmosphere at high speed? (For rocketplanes, repeated reentry is
the challenge, but advanced airbreathers and “Ajax” technology also require
skin which is robust when going up.)
DARPA’s little XS program is
the closest we now have to developing that technology, but they don’t have
enough money.
Also, they have political
oversight. I remember very vividly when Senator Shelby’s person, attending a
meeting at the Pentagon with me and Gary Payton (head of USAF space programs),
expressed puzzlement about that, and she and other leading authorities said “of
course we know how to solve that problem. TPS is the solution..” and the
political appointees overseeing DARPA have insisted that TPS be the lead there,
as “we know it works.”
Lots of folks know it works,
and that’s a key reason why the US and the secret Chinese military space programs
are going nowhere. They know it works, and it doesn’t. (Musk by contrast is
counting on a combination of older technologies, manna from heaven and
incredible expensive wastes of fuel. I do hope we can supply the manna, which
neither he nor NASA Ames show any sign of being onto yet. Ames COULD be
upgraded, with new money and strong more serious technology
inputs.)
TPS – active cooling of the
leading edges – was in fact the technology which the National Aerospace Program
of Ronald Reagan relied on. NASP ended up as a great failure for Reagan and for
me and for many others, but it was our best try so far, and it did develop some
useful technology. I worked very closely with McDonnell Douglas at the height
of NASP.
(Just look up The Handbook of
Intelligent Control by White and Sofge, and google about it. Some things in 1992 were ahead of where the
industry is today!) When the NASP program office decided it was finally ready
to fulfill Reagan’s vision, with enough proven well-tested component
technologies to put together to design a vehicle with real data (not Musk data),
the net payload worked out to be negative... because of the huge weight of the
very best active TPS system which the best people in the US were capable of
supplying. (Actually, White and I had an idea for how to cut the TPS weight in
half, by really risky new combinations of technology, but from a systems viewpoint you’d be an idiot to choose
that over what Boeing proved out before at Wright Patterson test labs. To do
it, you’d also have to give tons of money exactly to me and to White... not a
set of technologies they teach even at MIT lately. China and UK are closer to
it... but it really is scary.)
A more complete plan for how to fix NASA, with lots of bells and whistles, is posted as an article in:
http://www.werbos.com/JSP-Fall-2016-Composite-Final-12-13-2016.pdf
In a way, this represents a joint viewpoint of IEEE and AIAA, as I was deputy chair of the IEEE Committee on Transportation and Aerospace Policy in 2015, and Ed chaired the AIAA Colonization committee (with tons of access to
current industry work on such issues). I did not accept to be chair of that committee in 2016 because the previous VP of IEEE-USA for government relations overrode a unanimous vote of the committee to accept this as an official IEEE position. We have reached a point where substantive technical inputs are more and more essential to avoiding disasters in many, many areas of policy! If only professional PR/lobbyist views ever get to the top... well, it all is at risk.
A more complete plan for how to fix NASA, with lots of bells and whistles, is posted as an article in:
http://www.werbos.com/JSP-Fall-2016-Composite-Final-12-13-2016.pdf
In a way, this represents a joint viewpoint of IEEE and AIAA, as I was deputy chair of the IEEE Committee on Transportation and Aerospace Policy in 2015, and Ed chaired the AIAA Colonization committee (with tons of access to
current industry work on such issues). I did not accept to be chair of that committee in 2016 because the previous VP of IEEE-USA for government relations overrode a unanimous vote of the committee to accept this as an official IEEE position. We have reached a point where substantive technical inputs are more and more essential to avoiding disasters in many, many areas of policy! If only professional PR/lobbyist views ever get to the top... well, it all is at risk.
=============
OK, I am out of time today.
You might search this blog for what I learned about NASA from its earlier
effort to build a Mach 6 airplane without an engine (keyword: legends), and how the stakeholders
got rid of the one guy at NASA headquarters who really tracked and tried to
provide technical oversight to prevent that.... Much much more meat for all of
this...
If OSTP lived up to the original vision and scuttled the corruption which has grown there lately, under orders to follow the stakeholder system strictly, disasters like this might be easier to avoid... well-meaning fuzzy leadership or technically ignorant leadership has been a growing problem.
I vetted this by asking specific technical questions about the SpaceX (and Trump) plans of many people, some very well embedded in the aerospace community. The best that any of the SpaceX crew could come up with was
"well, we have done our own tests, and of course we can't say more to nonmembers." But Dr. Paul at WPAFB assured me that his was the only test facility in America able to test all three kinds of stresses which a reentry vehicle must pass,
and it did not come cheap for the government. When I visited it, it was sobering to see the many hundreds of test articles there at any time... let alone the thousands tested over time.. and I was very pointed in asking: "Is it true as I have heard that only the Boeing article ever passed the whole suite"? Yes, even though every one of those thousands were supposed to be certain to work and well-funded by SOMEONE. The ((now declassified) TASC evaluation said that all three competitors failed at first, in the most serious test to date, even Boeing's, but they figured out how to change the design and make it work to the full satisfaction of the group paying. (CIA at that time.)
Many DC salesmen argue we don't NEED reusable rockets, because expensive expendables are cheaper when you orbit just one payload per year. That's greta if our plan is for the US to orbit just one payload per year (even in event that someone kills a key satellite) and for someone else to be able to orbit thousands efficiently and economically. Any hope of human settlement of space would require the latter. I really know those DC salesmen... and I remember the DARPA-funded global reach vehicle which melted and exploded not so many years ago (after a valid program was modified by political appointees responding to a guy I actually met in other contexts).
If OSTP lived up to the original vision and scuttled the corruption which has grown there lately, under orders to follow the stakeholder system strictly, disasters like this might be easier to avoid... well-meaning fuzzy leadership or technically ignorant leadership has been a growing problem.
I vetted this by asking specific technical questions about the SpaceX (and Trump) plans of many people, some very well embedded in the aerospace community. The best that any of the SpaceX crew could come up with was
"well, we have done our own tests, and of course we can't say more to nonmembers." But Dr. Paul at WPAFB assured me that his was the only test facility in America able to test all three kinds of stresses which a reentry vehicle must pass,
and it did not come cheap for the government. When I visited it, it was sobering to see the many hundreds of test articles there at any time... let alone the thousands tested over time.. and I was very pointed in asking: "Is it true as I have heard that only the Boeing article ever passed the whole suite"? Yes, even though every one of those thousands were supposed to be certain to work and well-funded by SOMEONE. The ((now declassified) TASC evaluation said that all three competitors failed at first, in the most serious test to date, even Boeing's, but they figured out how to change the design and make it work to the full satisfaction of the group paying. (CIA at that time.)
Many DC salesmen argue we don't NEED reusable rockets, because expensive expendables are cheaper when you orbit just one payload per year. That's greta if our plan is for the US to orbit just one payload per year (even in event that someone kills a key satellite) and for someone else to be able to orbit thousands efficiently and economically. Any hope of human settlement of space would require the latter. I really know those DC salesmen... and I remember the DARPA-funded global reach vehicle which melted and exploded not so many years ago (after a valid program was modified by political appointees responding to a guy I actually met in other contexts).